Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering

Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering

Industry Alert

Tissue engineering vs traditional implants - who will take control of the orthopaedics market?

New products involving the use of biomaterials and minimally invasive techniques are now making an impact on the mature orthopaedics market. Soon, established products will have to fight to maintain their market share, in the face of increasing competition from new tissue engineering technologies.

Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering examines the niche markets that are opening up as a result of new tissue engineering technology. It evaluates the new opportunities, as well as the companies and products already capitalising on these trends.

This Industry Alert will enable you to:

Understand the technology behind tissue engineering
Examine new products and their mode of action
Gain a vital overview of the formation and growth of new companies involved in tissue engineering
Discover which product areas are attracting the most R&D investment.
Investigate the latest techniques involved in bone regeneration, spinal, cartilage, meniscus, tendon and ligament repair

The report also includes 33 company profiles.

PUBLISHED: MAY 1999
REF: CBS796E
PAGES: 79
PRICE: £185/$390/¥44,000

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CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The evolution of orthopaedics
1.2 The potential role of tissue engineering in orthopaedics
1.3 The limitations of conventional prostheses based on inert engineering materials
1.4 Tissue engineering as an alternative to transplantation
1.5 Tissue engineered products in orthopaedics

CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The classes of orthopaedic tissue engineered product
2.3 Tissue engineering and joint replacements
2.3.1 Biomolecule enhanced porous surfaced prosthesis
2.3.2 Bioactive surface coated prosthesis
2.3.3 Biomolecule enhanced and bioactive coated prosthesis
2.4 Bone defect filling
2.4.1 Bone defect filling with bioactive materials
2.4.2 Bone defect filling with biomolecule-enhanced products
2.5 Cartilage defects
2.6 Tendons and ligaments

CHAPTER 3 CLINICAL AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
3.1 Tissue engineering adjuncts to joint replacement
3.1.1 Biomolecule enhanced surface coated prostheses
3.1.2 Bioactive surface coated prosthesis
3.1.3 Biomolecule enhanced, porous bioactive surface coated prostheses
3.2 Tissue engineering products for bone defects
3.2.1 Bioactive ceramic bone fillers
3.2.2 Resorbable bioactive ceramic bone fillers
3.2.3 Bioglass-type bone fillers
3.3 Biodegradable polymers as bone fillers
3.3.1 Bioactive ceramic synthetic biodegradable polymer composite bone fillers
3.3.2 Bioactive ceramic natural biodegradable polymer composite bone fillers
3.3.3 Biomolecule enhanced bone fillers
3.4 Cartilage scaffolds
3.5 Stem cell technologies
3.6 Gene therapy

CHAPTER 4 THE GROWING MARKET FOR TISSUE ENGINEERED PRODUCTS
4.1 Geographic analysis of the market
4.2 Potential impact on the market
4.3 Product analysis of the market

CHAPTER 5 COMPANY ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Advanced Tissue Sciences
5.2.1 Company overview
5.2.2 Financial position
5.2.3 Research & development
5.2.4 Strategic issues
5.2.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.3 Anika Therapeutics
5.3.1 Company overview
5.3.2 Financial position
5.3.3 Research & development
5.3.4 Strategic issues
5.3.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.4 Atrix
5.4.1 Company overview
5.4.2 Financial position
5.4.3 Research & development
5.4.4 Strategic issues
5.4.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.5 Biocomposites
5.5.1 Company overview
5.5.2 Financial position
5.5.3 Research & development
5.5.4 Strategic issues
5.5.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.6 Biomatrix
5.6.1 Company overview
5.6.2 Financial position
5.6.3 Research & development
5.6.4 Strategic issues
5.6.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.7 Biomet
5.7.1 Company overview
5.7.2 Financial position
5.7.3 Research & development
5.7.4 Strategic issues
5.7.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.8 Cell Genesys
5.8.1 Company overview
5.8.2 Financial position
5.8.3 Research & development
5.8.4 Strategic issues
5.8.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.9 Cohesion Technologies
5.9.1 Company overview
5.9.2 Financial position
5.9.3 Research & development
5.9.4 Strategic issues
5.9.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.10 Creative BioMolecules
5.10.1 Company overview
5.10.2 Financial position
5.10.3 Research & development
5.10.4 Strategic issues
5.10.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.11 CryoLife Inc
5.11.1 Company overview
5.11.2 Financial position
5.11.3 Research & development
5.11.4 Strategic issues
5.11.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.12 DePuy
5.12.1 Company overview
5.12.2 Financial position
5.12.3 Research & development
5.12.4 Strategic issues
5.12.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.13 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers
5.13.1 Company overview
5.13.2 Financial position
5.13.3 Research & development
5.13.4 Strategic issues
5.13.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.14 Geistlich Biomaterials
5.14.1 Company overview
5.14.2 Financial position
5.14.3 Research & development
5.14.4 Strategic issues
5.14.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.15 Genetics Institute
5.15.1 Company overview
5.15.2 Financial position
5.15.3 Research & development
5.15.4 Strategic issues
5.15.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.16 Genome Therapeutics
5.16.1 Company overview
5.16.2 Financial position
5.16.3 Research & development
5.16.4 Strategic issues
5.16.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.17 GenSci Regeneration Sciences
5.17.1 Company overview
5.17.2 Financial position
5.17.3 Research & development
5.17.4 Strategic issues
5.17.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.18 Genzyme Tissue Repair
5.18.1 Company overview
5.18.2 Financial position
5.18.3 Research & development
5.18.4 Strategic issues
5.18.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.19 Howmedica Osteonics
5.19.1 Company overview
5.20 Integra LifeSciences
5.20.1 Company overview
5.20.2 Financial position
5.20.3 Research & development
5.20.4 Strategic issues
5.20.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.21 Interpore Cross International
5.21.1 Company overview
5.21.2 Financial position
5.21.3 Research & development
5.21.4 Strategic issues
5.21.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.22 IsoTis
5.22.1 Company overview
5.22.2 Financial position
5.22.3 Research & development
5.22.4 Strategic issues
5.22.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.23 Nexell Therapeutics
5.23.1 Company overview
5.23.2 Financial position
5.23.3 Research & development
5.23.4 Strategic issues
5.23.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.24 Norian Corporation
5.24.1 Company overview
5.24.2 Financial position
5.24.3 Research & development
5.24.4 Strategic issues
5.24.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.25 Ontogeny
5.25.1 Company overview
5.25.2 Financial position
5.25.3 Research & development
5.25.4 Strategic issues
5.25.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.26 Orquest
5.26.1 Company overview
5.26.2 Financial position
5.26.3 Research & development
5.26.4 Strategic issues
5.26.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.27 OrthoLogic
5.27.1 Company overview
5.27.2 Financial position
5.27.3 Research & development
5.27.4 Strategic issues
5.27.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.28 Osiris
5.28.1 Company overview
5.28.2 Financial position
5.28.3 Research & development
5.28.4 Strategic issues
5.28.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.29 Smith & Nephew
5.29.1 Company overview
5.29.2 Financial position
5.29.3 Research & development
5.29.4 Strategic issues
5.29.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.30 Spine-Tech
5.30.1 Company overview
5.31 Stryker Biotech
5.31.1 Company overview
5.31.2 Financial position
5.31.3 Research & development
5.31.4 Strategic issues
5.31.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.32 Sulzer Orthopedics
5.32.1 Company overview
5.32.2 Financial position
5.32.3 Research & development
5.32.4 Strategic issues
5.32.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.33 USBiomaterials
5.33.1 Company overview
5.33.2 Financial position
5.33.3 Research & development
5.33.4 Strategic issues
5.33.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering
5.34 Zimmer
5.34.1 Company overview
5.34.2 Financial position
5.34.3 Research & development
5.34.4 Strategic issues
5.34.5 Significance to orthopaedic tissue engineering

REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Number of prosthetic replacements of hip joints in the UK (1990/1991-2000/2001)
Table 4.2 The increase in the percentage of over 65-year olds in the populations of seven of the major developed countries of the world (1993-2020)
Table 4.3 The number of orthopaedic procedures performed in the world and in the US
Table 4.4 Number of closed reductions of bone fractures in the UK (1990/1991-2000/2001)
Table 4.5 Number of repairs of cruciate ligaments in the US (1990-2000)

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1 Number of prosthetic replacements of hip joints in the UK (1990/1991-2000/2001)
Figure 4.2 The increase in the percentage of over 65-year olds in the populations of seven of the major developed countries of the world (1993-2020)
Figure 4.3 Number of closed reductions of bone fracture in the UK (1990/1991-2000/2001)
Figure 4.4 Number of repairs of cruciate ligaments in the US (1990-2000)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Tissue engineered products are set to burst into the field of orthopaedic intervention in the early years of the new millennium with a rapidity that could quickly gain them as much as 40% of the total market for orthopaedic implants.

Tissue engineering can be defined as 'the persuasion of the body to heal itself through the delivery to the appropriate sites of molecular signals, cells and supporting structures' (Williams, 1999). As with many applications of implantable devices, tissue engineering products are gradually establishing a presence in the field of orthopaedics. Orthopaedic surgery has, for many decades, been primarily associated with mechanical devices for the treatment of joint diseases, bone defects, spinal conditions and a variety of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. This approach has led to reasonable success in areas such as total joint replacement and internal fracture fixation. It is obvious, however, that such successes are limited with respect to the orthopaedic conditions and type of patient that they address, and the functional rehabilitation that they produce within these patients. The rapidly emerging discipline of tissue engineering has therefore come at an opportune time and is likely to have a significant impact on the ability to repair and regenerate the important tissues of bone, cartilage, tendon and ligament.

The limitations of conventional orthopaedic implantable devices have primarily been associated with their synthetic nature. It is intuitively obvious that replacing bone and cartilage with artefacts made of metals, ceramics or plastics does not produce natural solutions to the problems of disease and trauma of the musculoskeletal system. A far more rational approach would be to replace, augment or repair the tissues of the system with materials and structures that were of natural origin. Tissue engineering provides the opportunity to effect such repair and regenerative processes through the delivery of molecular and cellular components that result in the rapid formation of new tissue to the site of the disease or injury. Within bone for example, tissue engineering may involve the delivery of osteoblasts and/or bone inducing proteins to the site of bone deficiency. Similarly, defects in cartilage may be addressed by the delivery of chondrocytes and appropriate growth factors. Furthermore, in either of these cases it may be even more beneficial and efficient to deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the patient, coupled with appropriate molecular signals to stimulate their differentiation, to the sites.

It will be obvious that this approach to orthopaedic problems represents a considerable shift in emphasis and direction as far as the industrial sector is concerned. No longer is the classical quality engineering approach the key to device manufacturer and clinical application. Instead, the most relevant technologies become those of cell harvesting and manipulation, recombinant technologies for the preparation of molecular signals and advanced materials science for the development of biodegradable matrices.

This report is concerned with an analysis of the industrial infrastructure that underpins the emergence of orthopaedic tissue engineered products. It contains an assessment of the scientific principles of tissue engineering and a thorough analysis of those companies that are currently engaged in the development, manufacturing and marketing of these products, and gives an insight into the product and geographic markets with the most potential.